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з англійськоїмови 2010 року
Reading
Task 1
Read the text below. Match choices (A – H) to (1 – 5). There are three choices you do not
need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
You’re Amazing, So Make Sure People Know It
When it comes to telling the world how wonderful you are, there’s a fine line between having
other people think, “Wow! She’s got so much more about her than I thought” and “Blimey! I
wish she’d shut up about herself”. It’s easy enough to let everyone around you know you’re
something special – the trick is doing it without trying too hard or looking like an attention
seeker.
So here’s how to get the attention you deserve without screaming, “Look at me!”
1 Keep your voice down.
Being loud isn’t a good way to get noticed. Quietness and a smile can be more interesting than
someone who blurts everything out constantly. Be cool instead, and show people what you’re
really about, rather than shouting it in their faces.
2 Don’t pretend you know everything.
It may be tempting to try to bluff your way through a conversation. But if you don’t know much
about the subject being discussed, you’ll get more kudos if you shut up and listen. You can’t lose
– get your facts right and people will respect your wisdom, or stay quiet if you’re unsure and
people will appreciate your honesty.
3 Don’t talk behind people’s back.
Toning down your gossip factor will show there’s much more to you than people may think.
Your mates will trust you and your reputation will sky-rocket. Gossiping gives negative vibes to
other people.
4 Be original.
Choose things to do that you love doing and not because everyone else is doing them. If you are
passionate about something, and enjoying it, you’ll have more energy and people will be
attracted to you – and you might even be the person who starts a new trend.
5 Accept yourself for what you are.
We may not be superhuman beings, but remember, each and every one of us has something
going on that’s worth shouting about. It’s a fact – everyone is an individual and that’s what
makes you who you are. Be proud of why you’re different. If you love who you are, people are
more likely to love you too.
1Task 2
Read the text below. For questions (6 – 11) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write
your answers on the separate answer sheet.
10 Ways to Improve Your Memory
A good memory is often seen as something that comes naturally, and a bad memory as something
that cannot be changed, but actually there is a lot that you can do to improve your memory.
However, it does mean taking responsibility and making an effort. Here are the experts’ top tips.
5 1. We all remember the things we are interested in and forget the ones that bore us. This no
doubt explains the reason why schoolboys remember football results effortlessly but struggle with
dates from their history lessons! Take an active interest in what you want to remember, and focus
on it consciously. One way to make yourself more interested is to ask questions – the more the
better.
10 2. Repeating things is the best way to remember things for a short time, e.g. remembering a
phone number for a few seconds. ‘Chunking’ or grouping numbers would be impossible for most
of us to remember: 1492178919318483. But look at them in ‘chunks’, and it becomes much
easier: 1492 1789 1931 8483.
3. Another way to make something more memorable is to think about something visual
15 associated with it. Design a mental picture and the stranger the picture the better you will
remember it! If an English person studying Spanish wanted to remember the Spanish word for
duck, ‘pato’, he/she could associate it with the English verb ‘to pat’ and imagine a picture of
someone patting a duck on the head.
4. To remember long lists, try inventing a story which includes all the items you want to
20 remember. In experiments, people were asked to remember up to 120 words using this technique
and when they were tested afterwards, on average they could remember ninety percent of them.
5. If we organize what we know in a logical way then when we learn more about that subject
we understand that better, and so add to our knowledge more easily. Make well-organised notes.
Be sure things are clear in your mind. If not, ask questions until you understand!
25 6. Many experts believe that listening to classical music, especially Mozart, helps people to
organize their ideas more clearly and so improves their memory. Sadly, rock music does not have
the same effect.
7. If you do not want to lose your memory as you get older you need to keep your brain fit,
just like your body: ‘use it or lose it’ is the experts’ advice. Logic puzzles, crosswords and mental
30 arithmetic are all good ‘mental aerobics’.
8. Physical exercise is also important for your memory, because it increases your heart rate
and sends more oxygen to your brain, and that makes your memory work better. Exercise also
reduces stress, which is very bad for the memory.
9. The old saying that ‘eating fish makes you brainy’ may be true after all. Scientists have
35 discovered that the fats found in fish like tuna, sardines and salmon – as well as in olive oil – help
to improve the memory. Vitamins C and E (found in fruits like oranges, strawberries and red
grapes) and vitamin B (found in lean meat and green vegetables) are all good ‘brain food’, too.
10. Caffeine may not be too good for you, but like exercise, it increases your heart rate and
sends more oxygen to your brain. A cup of coffee really does help you concentrate when you sit
40 down and study. And if you don’t like coffee, don’t worry – experts believe that chewing gum has
the same effect!
2
6 According to the first paragraph a good memory is ________.
a result of your self-perfection
7 What does the author mean by saying that “you need to keep your brain fit” (line 28)?
You need to exercise your mind regularly.
8 Which of the following can be inferred from the text?
For improving your memory you need to make some efforts.
9 According to the text, which of the following is true of ways to improve your memory?
You can follow your own program to improve your memory.
10 When discussing the ways of improving the memory, the author mentions all of the following
EXCEPT ________.
Eating high-calorie food makes your memory better.
11 According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
To help your memory eating tuna is better than eating tomatoes.
Task 3
Read the text below. Match choices (A – H) to (12 – 16). There are three choices you do not
need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
Watching the Detectives
12 Columbo (1968-2003) – appeared to be inexperienced and inattentive
The uncombed American detective, played by Peter Falk, first appeared in a TV movie before
the first series of Columbo began in 1971. His apparent absent-mindedness and shambolic style
lulled his suspects into a false sense of security, but he was always quick to guess who the culprit
was. With each episode unfolding from the criminal’s point of view, we saw them trying to
cover their tracks as the net closed in on them.
Columbo was a huge success and a host of famous names appeared in cameo roles,
including Janet Leigh, Faye Dunaway, Dick Van Dyke and Johnny Cash, while Steven Spielberg
directed an episode of the first series.
13 Hercule Poirot (1989-present) – can currently be seen in new TV episodes
3 4
This fussy Belgian sleuth first appeared in Agatha Christie’s novel The Mysterious Affair At
Styles in 1920. Christie didn’t like her character, describing him as an “egocentric little creep”,
but when Dave Suchet brought him to life in TV’s Poirot, the detective found a whole new
audience and gained fans across the world.
Starting life as policeman, Poirot retired and became a private investigator in England,
where he met Hastings, who narrated his most successful cases, the most famous being Murder
On The Orient Express. Although Christie “killed” Poirot his popularity outlived him and he
returned to our TV screens with four new stories.
14 Miss Marple (1984-1992) – had an innocent appearance but always got to the
bottom of things
Jane Marple was an elderly spinster and amateur detective in the village of St. Mary Mead. An
Agatha Christie creation, she appeared in 12 novels, starting with Murder in The Vicarage.
Although Margaret Rutherford made her famous on the cinema screen during the 1950s and 60s,
it is Joan Hickson’s portrayal of her in the classic 1980s BBC series that is closest to the books.
Though she often seemed to be nothing more than a gossipy old woman, Miss Marple was
quicker to get information out of suspects than local copper inspector Slack, and her willingness
to put herself in dangerous situations meant that she always caught the criminal.
15 Kojak (1973-1978) – developed a characteristic new habit while giving up an old one
This sleuth is famous for his love for sweeties and his catchphrase, “Who loves you baby?”
Kojak starred Telly Savalas as the bald-headed, lollipop-sucking New York City policeman
Lieutenant Theo Kojak. The reason that Kojak loved lollipops was because Savalas was a heavy
smoker, and in the face of growing anti-smoking feeling in the USA he decided to suck on a
lollipop instead. This became his trademark and, along with charisma and humour, it lightened
the gritty storylines.
The show was a huge worldwide hit and featured unknown actors who later found fame,
including Sylvester Stallone and Richard Gere.
16 Jane Tennison, Prime Suspect (1991-2006) – fights against criminals and
against gender stereotypes
Created by TV dramatist Lynda La Plante, Jane Tennison first appeared in Prime Suspect as a
detective Chief Inspector surviving in a male world. Played by Helen Mirrem, Tennison was as
far away from cuddly Miss Marple as it was possible to get.
Obsessive and determined to succeed, Tennison battled gender bias, alcohol and men
whilst tracking down muggers and fighting off serial killers. Dark and hard-hitting, Prime
Suspect was an instant success. Last year’s Prime Suspect 7 was Tennison’s final case and it saw
her hunting a killer and fighting for her career. She’ll be remembered for breaking the mould of
female detectives.
Task 4
Read the text below. Choose from (A – H) the one which best fits each of (17 – 22). There
are two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
100 Years Old and Still Doing Her Bit for Others
100-year-old woman who is still an active volunteer at her local hospital has vowed to keep going.
Betty Lowe, (17) who has spent her life volunteering, was awarded the Member of the Order of
the British Empire 12 years ago for her contribution to the Women’s Royal Voluntary Service, a
charity that provides a range of services for vulnerable people who might otherwise feel lonely.
She still helps out at her local WRVS shop at Hope Hospital, Salford, (18) which raises money for
the charity so that it can offer services from meals on wheels for elderly people to welfare centres
for soldiers in the Army.
The active lady, (19) who was considered a sickly child and had to attend an open-air school, is
also still involved with the Girl Guides, 89 years after she first joined.
Miss Lowe said: “I’ve been in the guides since I was 11. I was very interested in it and I used to go
camping and walking. I was a bit of an outdoor girl when I was younger.”
She progressed to being a guide leader, a role in which she introduced hundreds of teenage girls
to the organisation, running annual camping trips, and is still a member of the Trefoil Guild, an
organisation of more than 20,000 members (20) who have been involved with the Guides or
Scouts.
She said: “I’ve been involved with the WRVS for 34 years and I still do half a day a week.”
She never married or had children, but her nephew Peter Lowe says (21) she spends lots of time
with the family and bakes dozens of cakes for relatives.
Mr. Lowe said: “She has a massive circle of friends and we all think she is marvellous. I think she
loves being active. She doesn’t like sitting around doing nothing.”
Miss Lowe had a run of accidents before her birthday, spending a week in hospital after a fall at
home and suffering whiplash in a car accident while being driven to her nephew’s house. But
(22) she had a party to celebrate and more than 100 friends and relatives turned up to
congratulate her on her centenary.
She said: “I think it’s very good to be 100. I’ve enjoyed all my life.”
5Task 5
Read the text below. For questions (23 – 34) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
Match Made It in Heaven
As I sat sipping a cup of tea at my sister Doris’ house, my husband, Brian,
(23) caught my eye and flashed me a wide smile. Brian’s eyes had lit up when he saw Michael,
our nephew, playing with a pile of craft matchsticks, attempting to make a house.
“How about a (24) challenge?” he said to Michael. “You make a house and I’ll make a little
boat”. In a couple of hours the pair had cut, crafted and glued the matchsticks together and the
task was complete. “I’m going to call the boat Hazel,” Brian said proudly. That was when his (25)
pastime really started.
We found a hobby shop that sold modelling matchsticks, and we soon became their best
customers. “I’m going to get bags of them,” Brian said. “I’ll start a new project when I get
home.” He got to work on a larger boat, swiftly followed by an (26) exact copy of a Second
World War torpedo boat. Brian was never happier than when he was sat in front of the TV with
his matchsticks and PVA glue. It was a great way to keep his mind (27) occupied as he’d
retired from his refrigerator factory job years before with health problems, so I was pleased he’d
found a hobby he loved.
Soon he decided to build a giant grandmother clock. The project was (28) developing well; it
just would have been nice to clear up my living room floor occasionally. Brian would make
sections of the clock and then he’d (29) piece it together. It took around seven years and
210,000 matchsticks to complete the grandmother clock. It now has pride of place in
our living room, and chimes to the tune of Big Ben every 15 minutes.
As the pieces (30) mounted up, the space in our house disappeared. “We’re going to have to
find new homes for some of your models,” I said to Brian one day. The loft was crammed full
of pieces and I hadn’t seen the coffee table in years. He’d made a beautiful rocking horse,
complete (31) with a saddle made from one of my old bags, which we gave to Brian’s sister.
He’d also built a huge windmill that played Tulips from Amsterdam, which we (32) donated to
his aunt.
The craziest idea Brian ever had was to row from Dover to Calais in a giant boat made of
matchsticks. He actually got as far as constructing the 5ft (33) frame. It took nearly a
month and 216,000 matchsticks to build, but thankfully that idea was shelved.
Instead, he contented himself with making yet another old wartime boat. There were
working lights, tiny lifeboats and even the propellers worked.
But hopefully the latest boat won’t be here for much longer.
“Do you think the maritime museum would (34) accept the boat?” Brian asked recently.
“That’s a lovely idea,” I said. It would be great if they did – then at least I might get my
living room back.
6Task 6
Read the texts below. For questions (35 – 46) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
How Pigeons Really Get Home
Homing pigeons (35) are known for their uncanny internal compass, yet a new study reveals
that sometimes the birds get home the same way we do: They follow the roads. Tim Guilford and
Dora Biro at (36) England’s Oxford University followed pigeons in Oxford over a three-year
period, using tiny tracking devices equipped with global positioning system technology (37)
developed by Swiss and Italian colleagues.
What they discovered was surprising. Within ten kilometers of home, the pigeons relied less on
their well-known talents for decoding the sun’s position or deciphering the Earth’s magnetic field
(38) to help them navigate. Instead they opted for a habitual route that followed linear features in
the landscape, such as roads, rivers, railways, and hedge lines – even when it wasn’t the most direct
way home. “It was almost comical,” says Guilford. “One pigeon followed a road to a roundabout,
then exited onto a major road that led to a second roundabout. Others flew down the River
Thames, only to make a (39) distinct turn at a bridge.” Guilford suggests that sticking to a (40)
memorized, linear route may actually make homing more reliable – and easier. “It made me smile
to see it,” says Guilford. “You can imagine yourself flying along a road doing the same thing.”
Why Does Red Mean Stop?
The 19th-century Scottish engineer Robert Stevenson, who was active in designing early
lighthouses, (41) looked for an alternative colour to white – most lighthouses had a white
beacon – when he built a lighthouse near to one that already existed, because he was afraid
ships (42) wouldn’t be able to tell which was which.
Of the light sources and (43) coloured glasses available at the time, he found that red
was a particularly intense light, meaning it (44) could be seen from the greatest distance.
So in maritime signalling red became an alternative to white, and was later adopted by the
Admiralty in 1852 (45) to mark the port-side on steam vessels. Green was adopted for the
starboard-side, and vessels seeing the green light on other ships had the right of way.
When train tracks were developed, engineers adopted this system as (46) meaning stop and go
– and the same system continued with cars.
7 8
Writing
Task 1
Read the text below. Fill in the each gap with the one word which best fits each space (47-
50). Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
The Whole World in One Building
A journey (47) around/across the world, all along the 8-th degree of longitude, starting and
ending in Bremerhaven. Through countries and climate zones, (48) from the glaciers of
Switzerland to the swamps of Cameroon to the desert heat of the Sahel. This unique experience
can be had at the Klimahaus Bremerhaven, which opened in summer 2009. For a few hours the
visitors become globetrotters in deceptively real-(49) looking landscapes in an exhibition
covering 11.500 square metres. You can hike through the tropics and across the Antarctica ice
cap. Interactive exhibits show how the climate determines the daily lives of people around the
globe – and demonstrate how climate change (50) will/would/can/could/may/might transform
life on the continents.
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